A sandbox can show that a financial product works under controlled conditions. It does not prove that the product can survive licensing, integrate with existing institutions, win customer trust or expand into another jurisdiction. The harder question is what happens after testing ends. The panel examines the conditions that should allow an innovation to move from experiment to licensed market participant, including infrastructure access, capital, governance and regulatory readiness. It also explores a more difficult possibility: whether successful testing in one credible jurisdiction can reduce the cost of entering another, and what regulators would need to recognise in each other's processes before regulatory portability becomes possible.

Bilateral payment links can prove that cross-border interoperability works, but each new connection also adds another set of agreements, standards and supervisory relationships to maintain. At some point, adding country pairs one by one becomes less efficient than building a common network. Regional and multilateral initiatives are testing that alternative through shared platforms and settlement layers. The roundtable examines when bilateral connectivity should give way to multilateral architecture, how such systems should be governed and what individual countries must retain control over when infrastructure becomes shared. It closes by identifying the smallest credible cross-regional network that could demonstrate the model in practice.

Cross-border payments fail in different ways depending on the use case. QR payments may work domestically but stop at the border. Remittances can remain expensive even where digital channels are widely available. Trade settlement can still pass through third-country currencies and correspondent banks despite growing commercial links between emerging markets. The roundtable breaks the corridor problem into these separate channels and identifies what prevents each one from working today. It examines standards for extending QR interoperability, where remittance costs can realistically be removed, and what conditions are required for local-currency trade settlement.